Role of Air in Granular Jet Formation

Caballero, Gabriel and Bergmann, Raymond and Meer van der, Devaraj and Prosperetti, Andrea and Lohse, Detlef (2007) Role of Air in Granular Jet Formation. Physical Review Letters, 99 (1). 018001. ISSN 0031-9007

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Abstract:	A steel ball impacting on a bed of very loose, fine sand results in a surprisingly vigorous jet which shoots up from the surface of the sand [D. Lohse et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 198003 (2004)]. When the ambient pressure p is reduced, the jet is found to be less vigorous [R. Royer et al., Nature Phys. 1, 164 (2005)]. In this Letter we show that p also affects the rate of penetration of the ball: Higher pressure increases the rate of penetration, which makes the cavity created by the ball close deeper into the sand bed, where the hydrostatic pressure is stronger, thereby producing a more energetic collapse and jetting. The origin of the deeper penetration under normal ambient pressure is found to lie in the extra sand fluidization caused by the air flow induced by the falling ball.
Item Type:	Article
Copyright:	© 2007 American Physical Society
Faculty:	Science and Technology (TNW)
Research Group:	Physics of Fluids (POF)
Link to this item:	http://purl.utwente.nl/publications/59124
Official URL:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.018001
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